551 BC Completion of the Temple of Jerusalem after the Babylonian Captivity

81 BC Pompey's first Triumph, at 24

222 Alexander Severus, 13, is proclaimed Roman Emperor (222-235)

538 Gothic King Vitiges abandons his siege of Rome, beginning on Mar. 2, 537, leaving it the hands of the Romano-Byzantines under Belisarius

1088 Odo of Lagery elected Pope as Urban II (1088-1099), later beatified

1144 Gherardo Caccianemici dal Orso elected Pope as Lucius II (1144-1145)

1212 HRE Frederick II "Stupor Mundi" lands at Gaeta, to claim Naples

1350 Orvieto, Italy, bars Jewish-Christian marriages on pain of death

1470 Battle of "Losecoat Field": King Edward IV's Yorkists beat Sir Robert Welles' Lancastrians

1496 Jews expelled from Syria

1550 Battle of Penco: Pedro de Valdivia's thousand Spanish and Indian troops defeat c. 60,000 Mapuche in Chile

1799 Austria declares war on France

1811 Battle of Redinha: French Marshal Ney's greatly outnumbered army successfully delays Wellington's Anglo-Portuguese pursuing force

1848 Second French Republic established

1865 Skirmish near Lone Jack, Missouri

1867 French troops abandon Mexico and the Emperor Maximilian

1868 Great Britain annexes Basutoland [Lesotho]

1877 Great Britain annexes Walvis Bay, southwest Africa

1889 Battle of Metema/Gallabad: Yohannes IV's Ethiopians defeated by the Mahdists

1918 The British submarine 'D-3' is sunk off the French coast, by a French airship which mistook her for a U-boat.

1938 German troops enter Austria, initiating the Anschluss

1940 Finland surrenders to Russia, ending the 104 days "Winter War"

1941 German occupiers confiscate AVRO Studios in the Netherlands

1942 British evacuate Port Blair, Andaman Is

1942 Burma: Joseph Stilwell assumes combined U.S./Chinese command.

1942 Sumatra: Japanese troops land at Sabang.

1943 Soviet troops liberate Visma

1943 Washington: "Pacific Military Conference" reviews war plans.

1945 Luzon: Heavy fighting on the Shimbu Line.

1945 Nazis execute 30 in Amsterdam

1945 USSR returns Transylvania to Romania

1946 USSR returns part of Petsamo Province to Finland

1947 US announces the "Truman Doctrine," to contain communism

1951 North Korean/Red Chinese troops driven out of Seoul

1957 The "German Democratic Republic" agrees to a garrison of 22 Soviet divisions

1993 Terrorist bombings in Bombay, 371 die, hundreds injured

1999 Poland, Hungary, & the Czech Republic join NATO